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Window Types
Window Frame Types Timber, PVC and metal are three common frame materials used in domestic windows. Here we consider some troublesome issues with each, and examine possible solutions.
Timber was always the traditional choice for window frames and remains a popular contemporary choice, especially for double glazing. Hardwood is the more durable option though treated softwood is also used. Regular maintenance, and weatherproofing every five years with paint or wood stain, should avoid timber defects and guarantee a long serviceable life.
Wet rot is a common problem with older windows. Poor maintenance can lead to shrinkage and cracks in putty seals causing rainwater leaks, and leaky guttering above can also cause rainwater penetration. In either event, the result is wet rot which will require urgent attention to prevent further decay.
The simple solution is a resin repair where the rot is scraped away, built up with a resin layer, sanded and repainted. Larger rotted sections can be treated by cutting away the bad section and then splicing in new wood, though the glass and frame must come out to achieve this. Where the stability and strength of the frame has been compromised, the remaining, and most expensive, option is replacement with a new timber frame.
Alterations to Building Regulations, requiring double glazing to be fitted in both new homes and extensions, have made PVC the preferred choice for window frames in the last two decades. They have been marketed as an affordable, energy-saving product requiring no maintenance beyond installation. In reality, double glazing often develops condensation problems over time when moisture penetrates the seals and seeps into the void between the glass plates. New glass, with fresh seals, can be fitted into the frames to remedy this.
Actually, first-generation PVC windows quickly developed a faded and discoloured look, when exposed to sunlight, because of the use of lead in their manufacture. Current, state-of-the-art, PVC windows are a considerable improvement, displaying greater condensation resistance and impressive energy-saving performance.
Metal frames first became fashionable with the introduction of the curved 'suntrap', or 'Crittall' windows of the 1920's 'art deco' period. However, with the exception of a few architectural specimens, most of these single-glaze windows have long since been replaced because of inferior thermal insulation and consequent issues with condensation. Metal frames can twist and buckle if subjected to structural distress and the resultant distortion brings about malfunctioning of handles and hinges, along with scuffed frame surfaces and ill-fitting windows. Rust can corrode and damage frames if water comes into contact with unprotected metal surfaces. Acid or abrasive material will remove minor rust damage but more serious corrosion will require the damaged section to be replaced with new metal.
The latest development in modern windows is the introduction of aluminium frames. These are stronger and thinner than other metal frames, facilitating and encouraging new design possibilities beyond the limits imposed by other types of frame material. Nevertheless, rapid heat transfer through the frames, caused by aluminium's high conductivity, requires the insertion of a 'thermal break' isolating the inner and outer frames to prohibit the formation of condensation.
Timber was always the traditional choice for window frames and remains a popular contemporary choice, especially for double glazing. Hardwood is the more durable option though treated softwood is also used. Regular maintenance, and weatherproofing every five years with paint or wood stain, should avoid timber defects and guarantee a long serviceable life.
Wet rot is a common problem with older windows. Poor maintenance can lead to shrinkage and cracks in putty seals causing rainwater leaks, and leaky guttering above can also cause rainwater penetration. In either event, the result is wet rot which will require urgent attention to prevent further decay.
The simple solution is a resin repair where the rot is scraped away, built up with a resin layer, sanded and repainted. Larger rotted sections can be treated by cutting away the bad section and then splicing in new wood, though the glass and frame must come out to achieve this. Where the stability and strength of the frame has been compromised, the remaining, and most expensive, option is replacement with a new timber frame.
Alterations to Building Regulations, requiring double glazing to be fitted in both new homes and extensions, have made PVC the preferred choice for window frames in the last two decades. They have been marketed as an affordable, energy-saving product requiring no maintenance beyond installation. In reality, double glazing often develops condensation problems over time when moisture penetrates the seals and seeps into the void between the glass plates. New glass, with fresh seals, can be fitted into the frames to remedy this.
Actually, first-generation PVC windows quickly developed a faded and discoloured look, when exposed to sunlight, because of the use of lead in their manufacture. Current, state-of-the-art, PVC windows are a considerable improvement, displaying greater condensation resistance and impressive energy-saving performance.
Metal frames first became fashionable with the introduction of the curved 'suntrap', or 'Crittall' windows of the 1920's 'art deco' period. However, with the exception of a few architectural specimens, most of these single-glaze windows have long since been replaced because of inferior thermal insulation and consequent issues with condensation. Metal frames can twist and buckle if subjected to structural distress and the resultant distortion brings about malfunctioning of handles and hinges, along with scuffed frame surfaces and ill-fitting windows. Rust can corrode and damage frames if water comes into contact with unprotected metal surfaces. Acid or abrasive material will remove minor rust damage but more serious corrosion will require the damaged section to be replaced with new metal.
The latest development in modern windows is the introduction of aluminium frames. These are stronger and thinner than other metal frames, facilitating and encouraging new design possibilities beyond the limits imposed by other types of frame material. Nevertheless, rapid heat transfer through the frames, caused by aluminium's high conductivity, requires the insertion of a 'thermal break' isolating the inner and outer frames to prohibit the formation of condensation.
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